{
  "id": "ownership-cost-assumptions",
  "title": "Ownership Cost and Qualifying Assumptions",
  "description": "Maintenance, closing cost and debt-to-income assumptions.",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "lastUpdated": "August 2026",
  "dataAsOf": "2025",
  "source": "Consumer Financial Protection Bureau",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.consumerfinance.gov/",
  "license": {
    "id": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "summary": "Free to use, share and adapt, including commercially, provided the source is credited."
  },
  "attribution": "US Mortgage Calculator (https://www.usmortgagecalc.com), CC-BY-4.0",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://www.usmortgagecalc.com/datasets",
  "notes": [
    "Homeowners insurance premiums are not modelled per state. Premiums vary by carrier, construction, claims history and proximity to peril in ways a statewide average cannot represent responsibly, so the calculators take an annual premium as an input instead.",
    "Maintenance and closing cost figures are ranges, not point estimates. Publishing a single number would imply a precision the underlying sources do not support."
  ],
  "rowCount": 10,
  "rows": [
    {
      "key": "annual_maintenance_low",
      "description": "Annual maintenance and repair budget, low end, as a percent of home value",
      "value": 1,
      "unit": "percent",
      "asOf": "2025",
      "source": "Consumer Financial Protection Bureau",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.consumerfinance.gov/"
    },
    {
      "key": "annual_maintenance_high",
      "description": "Annual maintenance and repair budget, high end, as a percent of home value",
      "value": 2,
      "unit": "percent",
      "asOf": "2025",
      "source": "Consumer Financial Protection Bureau",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.consumerfinance.gov/"
    },
    {
      "key": "buyer_closing_costs_low",
      "description": "Buyer closing costs, low end, as a percent of purchase price",
      "value": 2,
      "unit": "percent",
      "asOf": "2025",
      "source": "Consumer Financial Protection Bureau",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.consumerfinance.gov/"
    },
    {
      "key": "buyer_closing_costs_typical",
      "description": "Buyer closing costs, typical, as a percent of purchase price",
      "value": 3,
      "unit": "percent",
      "asOf": "2025",
      "source": "Consumer Financial Protection Bureau",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.consumerfinance.gov/"
    },
    {
      "key": "buyer_closing_costs_high",
      "description": "Buyer closing costs, high end, as a percent of purchase price",
      "value": 5,
      "unit": "percent",
      "asOf": "2025",
      "source": "Consumer Financial Protection Bureau",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.consumerfinance.gov/"
    },
    {
      "key": "seller_costs_low",
      "description": "Seller costs including commissions, low end, as a percent of sale price",
      "value": 6,
      "unit": "percent",
      "asOf": "2025",
      "source": "Consumer Financial Protection Bureau",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.consumerfinance.gov/"
    },
    {
      "key": "seller_costs_high",
      "description": "Seller costs including commissions, high end, as a percent of sale price",
      "value": 10,
      "unit": "percent",
      "asOf": "2025",
      "source": "Consumer Financial Protection Bureau",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.consumerfinance.gov/"
    },
    {
      "key": "dti_front_end_guideline",
      "description": "Housing payment as a percent of gross monthly income, classic guideline",
      "value": 28,
      "unit": "percent",
      "asOf": "2025",
      "source": "Consumer Financial Protection Bureau",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.consumerfinance.gov/"
    },
    {
      "key": "dti_back_end_guideline",
      "description": "Total debt as a percent of gross monthly income, classic guideline",
      "value": 36,
      "unit": "percent",
      "asOf": "2025",
      "source": "Consumer Financial Protection Bureau",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.consumerfinance.gov/"
    },
    {
      "key": "dti_back_end_agency_max",
      "description": "Back-end ratio commonly permitted on agency-backed conventional loans",
      "value": 45,
      "unit": "percent",
      "asOf": "2025",
      "source": "Consumer Financial Protection Bureau",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.consumerfinance.gov/"
    }
  ]
}